I have an opportunity to purchase a Springfield Armory 1903 that's in the serial # range of the improperly heat treated receivers.  It has been arsenal rebarreled twice, and I presume Proofed 3-times (original bbl + the two rebarrels).  Given this, is there any issue with the receiver at this point?

No issue and there was never really any issue in the first place as these were issued through WWII after refurb. Theres also been numerous documents released from Hatcher himself and US Ordnance stating the fact that these rifles are safe and should be issued regardless of serial number.

The real issue of them blowing up came down to really faulty ammo, particularly from Winchester who loaded very hot ammo and their consistency at the factory varied greatly.

Some info in this recent thread, too:

https://www.ar15.com/forums/general/Just-got-a-1903-school-me/5-2711247/

I have a low number 1903 I have no reservations about shooting. I checked the headspace, and shoot only newer quality ammo.

As others commented, it more of an issue with bad casing giving out, and pressurizing the receiver blowing it out. I don't recall seeing any where the bolt moved back or stuff like that.