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Posted: 11/15/2019 2:35:36 PM EDT
[Last Edit: Rat_Patrol]
3D Printing Beginner's Guide
A collaboration between: Rat_Patrol, Nikdfish, The_Steward Edits may yet be made to this guide. Any edits/updates will be noted here: Links to specific topics (specific posts on this thread, usually opens in new tab):
If you have tech questions, please start a new topic for your case (do not reply with tech questions to this thread), unless a relevant topic exists to jump into. Whenever possible, please include pictures of your problems, as we can tell a LOT from pictures. Useful Links and Resources: YouTube channels worth subscribing to:
Other useful links:
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Strong men create good times. Good times breed weak men. Weak men create hard times. Hard times breed strong men.
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[Last Edit: Rat_Patrol]
[#1]
What is 3D printing?
Here is a nice video showing the close up of the business end of the printer, and it really shows what the printer does. Nozzle Cam - A new perspective on 3D Printing 3D printing is the general term used for additive manufacturing, quite literally meaning to manufacture a part by adding layers of material on a build surface. Most people are familiar with subtractive manufacturing, which is the opposite: You take a piece of stock and remove what you don't want or need, great example of which is carving a sculpture. With additive manufacturing, instead of removing unwanted material, you only deposit the wanted form. The basic idea is a layer of material is deposited on a build sheet. Another layer is added on top of that (and bonds to the previous layer), so on and so forth until your part is complete, which can easily range into hundreds to thousands of layers depending on the height of the part being printed. Think of it as a computer controlled glorified hot glue gun. We will get into how exactly this all works with the software later. Just understand at this point that 3D printing is just stacking layers of material on previous layers of material. This guide will not get into more advanced and industrial types of 3D printing, such as metal sintering and such, and is focused on home/hobbyist 3D printing. There are two main types of technology used in consumer printers: Fused Filament Modeling (FFM) and Resin. The standard is FFM, where the model is made by layering molten extruded plastic to form the shape. Resin printers use UV cured resins to build the layers. Further, there are two types of resin printing technology commonly used: Stereolithography (SLA), which uses a focused UV laser beam to cure the resin, and Digital Light Processing (DLP) which uses a UV light source masked by an LCD panel to cure an entire layer of resin all at once. In FFM printers, plastic filament is pushed through the hotend nozzle and extruded to form the model line by line. Think of a part made completely by using a welder to lay down beads of plastic. The bead is forced onto the previous layer, resulting in a flattened oval extrusion shape. This means that FFM prints generally have noticeable layer lines where the beads of plastic lay on top of each other. Speeds in FFM printing are generally limited by the ability of the printer to melt and cool the extruded plastic quickly, and by the mechanical precision of the machine itself. There are two common sizes of filament that printers use, 1.75mm (the most common) and 2.85mm (sometimes referred to as 3mm). XY resolution in FFM is limited by the diameter of the nozzle used in printing, with the smallest useful nozzles being around 0.25mm. Layer heights are typically 0.05mm minimum (some cheaper printers will not be able to go below 0.10-0.15mm), with 0.20-0.30mm layer heights being standard. Larger layer heights increase the speed of printing, with the downside of poorer surface quality due to more noticable layer lines. Resin printers can generally achieve higher levels of dimensional precision than FFM printers due to the fact that they use light to define the layer rather than extruded material. SLA printers are known for their ability to resolve exceptionally fine XY (in plane) detail, with the resolution limit being driven by the diameter of the laser beam. SLA printers can commonly achieve XY resolution well under 0.10mm, with some capable of features an order of magnitude finer than FFM printer capabilities. DLP printers have their XY resolution limited by the size of the pixels in the LCD panel they are using, but this is still generally in the range of 0.05-0.10mm depending on the particular panel being used. Layer heights for resin printers is also much finer than in FFM, with even cheap DLP resin printers being able to print with 0.01mm layer height. Further, because the layers are formed with light, the edges of the layer are not round in the Z-axis like with FFM printers. This results much less noticeable layer lines. SLA printers are no faster than FFM printers, as the laser beam must travel all throughout the XY plane to cure the resin for one layer before moving on to the next. DLP printers, however, cure an entire layer at the same time, and thus can be much faster. UV cured resin is expensive, however, and toxic. It requires post processing to fully cure the resin, and lots of cleanup and maintenance. Further, disposal of the contaminated cleaning agents can be an environmental issue due to the toxicity of the resin. FFM printers are much cheaper than resin printers, especially when taking build volume into consideration, and filament is much cheaper than resin, also. They also have much fewer safety concerns, cleanup requirements, and post-processing of printed items. Due to these factors, this document will be focused on the more common FFM printing technology. |
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Strong men create good times. Good times breed weak men. Weak men create hard times. Hard times breed strong men.
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[Last Edit: Rat_Patrol]
[#2]
Limitations of 3D printing
3D printing is limited by several factors, including:
There is a variety of filament materials used in home/hobby level 3D printers. Some of them are extremely tough, durable, and are suited to make a vast array of functional parts. Some of them are more ornamental. Each type has its own characteristics. A quick summary of the commonly used materials:
As you can see, different materials used will have different limitations. Since 3D printed parts will never be as strong as injection molded parts, you should generally avoid using 3D printed parts where lives or general safety are on the line. If the part fails, it must fail in a safe way. A part must also be big enough for the process of 3D printing to give you a part that is strong enough for the job at hand. A good example of a bad use of 3D printed parts would be scope rings or sling attachment point. Since these parts generally have little material, a 3D printed part would not have enough strength to serve reliably. While there are files for 3D printing AR lowers and Glock mags, these 3D printed parts are not and should never be considered equal in strength and durability as properly manufactured parts, and considered a novelty only. Advantages of 3D printing There are 2 primary advantages of 3D printing a part: Cost and speed. Since you are using a relatively low cost machine and filament and only printing the material needed, you can make parts for very little money (based on cost of plastic) and once a print is going, zero human interaction. In the world of manufacturing, it takes weeks to months and/or a lot of $$$ to setup machines to make a part, whether they are to be CNC machined or injection molded (injection molding being particularly expensive to setup as complex molds have to be made). 3D printing was actually invented to be used for "rapid prototyping.'' You build your 3D model on a computer in a CAD (Computer Aided Design) program, send it to a "slicer" (another program that takes that model and prepares it for 3D printing) and send those instructions (gcode) to your 3D printer to execute. This allows makers and companies both large and small to have multiple iterations of a part even on the same day. One big advantage of using 3D printers for commercial product production is flexibility. Traditionally, once a company locks in a design, a production run is initiated. This may be thousands to millions of identical parts. Product iterations are usually only done between large production runs when tooling needs to be rebuilt anyway. With 3D printed parts, a product improvement can be implemented immediately after its approved for production. For the hobby/home user, this means you can cheaply make your creations (or parts you download) quickly and generally easily without the large, expensive traditional tooling for subtractive manufacturing or injection molding. |
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Strong men create good times. Good times breed weak men. Weak men create hard times. Hard times breed strong men.
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[Last Edit: Rat_Patrol]
[#3]
How 3D printing generally used
3D printing is generally used for 3 main tasks:
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Strong men create good times. Good times breed weak men. Weak men create hard times. Hard times breed strong men.
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[#4]
Cautions and Concerns
All extruded filament 3D printing has the potential to create airborne contaminants to one degree or another, primarily categorized as UFP's (Ultra Fine Particles) and VOC's (Volatile Organic Compounds). The filament compounds used at higher temperatures are typically associated with VOC production. All filament compounds, including those used at lower temperatures, have the potential to create UFP's as they extrude molten plastic at high pressures and aerosolize some small portion of that material. UFP's are particles so fine as to be smaller than those typically trapped by HEPA filter media. Mitigation of the aerosol contaminants should be a consideration in setting up a 3D printer. One way is placement of the printer in an area with a large volume of air and fresh air ventilation (pollution control by dilution). Another is to enclose the printer and vent to the outside environment, maintaining a negative pressure on the printer enclosure. An alternative to exhausting to the outside environment is to exhaust via a filter construct adequate to the demands placed by the materials in use. Although HEPA filters are not, in themselves, adequate to stop UFP's in a fast moving air volume, they can act to slow air movement down enough for a portion of the UFP's to condense into larger particles or drop out and adhere to the media rather than be broadcast into the environment by cooling fans, etc. Activated carbon filters can be used to scrub VOC's. In any case, protracted use of an unconfined 3D printer in a confined living space is probably not a good idea. Two elements associated with extruded filament 3D printing demand caution to avoid injury and property damage. These are electricity and heat. Although most printers use low DC voltage internally (12v / 24V), their power supplies are typically plugged into a 120v source. Damaged wire or equipment could expose the user to risk. Wiring should be monitored for any indication of damaged insulation. Equipment should be monitored for any indication of an internal fault, such as smells of hot material, shocks upon contact or unusual sounds that could indicate a problem. Hotends and heat beds have the potential to cause burns even when functioning normally. In the event of an equipment failure, they have the potential to not only cause burn injury but to start a fire. Even low voltage DC has the potential to cause a fire if a short circuit occurs on a non-fused feed. This has implications for how a 3D printer is enclosed & the materials used for the enclosure. A smoke detector in the 3D printer work area is a good idea. If the printer is enclosed, consider the use of a smoke detector inside the enclosure. Legalities of 3D printing While (in the USA) there are no laws about 3D printing specifically, there are laws about what you can print. Just because you can make it at home on your 3D printer doesn't mean you can make illegal items. As with all laws, they can also change frequently at a political whim. Just remember: if it is illegal without 3D printing, it's still illegal with 3D printing. Also, some states have specific laws regarding 3D printing firearms and/or firearm components. It is YOUR responsibility to research and follow all laws. |
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Strong men create good times. Good times breed weak men. Weak men create hard times. Hard times breed strong men.
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[Last Edit: Rat_Patrol]
[#5]
Getting Started with 3D printing
To get a printer printing, you will need 4 things:
We will go into each one individually. What printer should I buy? This is one of the most common questions by those looking to get into 3D printing. There are a lot of things to consider, not the least of which is how big do you need to be able to print. That said, the current consensus advice tends to be based on price range.
What filament should I buy? I will first recommend ditching the sample filament your printer came with if you purchased a Chinese printer. It will likely be of mysterious qualities and specs. You will likely spend half the spool trying to get everything working only to never use that filament again. It may be useful for printing any included test prints (many printers come with an SD card loaded with a test print) to check printer functionality, but after that you should move on to a filament you plan on actually using. If you bought a Prusa printer or other high quality printer that came with quality filament and printing profiles to start off with (those profiles are built specifically for the sample filament), you should use the stock filament and profiles as a starting point before playing with settings. For filaments, start with a known quality PLA. Get everything sorted there before trying PETG or ABS. There are tons of reputable brands for quality filament, depending on the channel you would prefer to purchase. Some options include, but are not limited to:
When ordering filament, make sure you order the proper size. Most hobby printers use 1.75mm filament, but check your printer specs to avoid ordering the wrong size! Getting the cheapest filament available may work fine and is certainly cost effective, but you may occasionally receive product with loose tolerances for the diameter causing clogs, debris in the filament itself causing clogs, or unreliable material properties. Further, some filament may come "wet" and need dehydrating before use in order to print well. Pure PLA is easy to print and is incredibly strong (contrary to belief, it's one of the strongest thermoplastics printable by consumer machines). However, it is relatively brittle and has poor strength at high temperatures. Due to this, many manufacturers have developed tweaks to their PLA formula to increase their product's impact resistance and to allow for annealing. Thus, not all PLA from all manufacturers will be just alike, and this goes for every other type of filament as well. I recommend purchasing your filament from a known brand for any critical work, so you can be relatively certain of the results you will achieve. What computer should I buy? You can likely use the computer you have now, so long as you can run a slicer on it. Generally you use a Windows or Apple based machine, and some slicers can run on Linux. Avoid a Chromebook as setups can be difficult and you can't modify Arduino based firmware. You can also use a Raspberry Pi and run OctoPrint to not only control your printer directly, but handle downloading models and slicing! You really don't need much of a computer for 3D printing. Models for 3D printing can be downloaded from many sites, the most popular by far being Thingiverse. https://www.thingiverse.com/ If you are going to design your own models using a CAD program, you may need a computer with significant processing and graphics power. This is really a subject all in itself, and can incur significant cost. For basic 3D modeling (CAD), Tinkercad is free and internet based, leaving the heavy processing to the cloud computers. https://www.tinkercad.com/ Some examples of CAD programs:
Which slicer should I use? This is a point of great debate, and everybody has their favorites. A quick run down of the most popular options:
There are MANY other slicers out there, but it's usually best sticking to the popular slicers as they have community support and frequent updates. The two big slicers are Cura and Prusa Slicer. For getting support and help, it is best to pick one of those two. Each slicer "slices" in its own way and has its own quirks, features, and drawbacks, so it is impossible to say which is best. Many makers run multiple slicer programs, and pick the program based on the model they need to print (experience will tell you which slicer to use for which model). Some slicers just don't like a particular model or type of geometry, for whatever reason, and just using a different slicer will fix the printing problem (this is rare). When you are first getting started, its best to pick a free slicer, and/or consider using the slicer intended to be used by your printer manufacturer, at least until you get a feel for how everything works. After you feel comfortable with whatever slicer you start out with, you are encouraged to experiment! Slicers do not change settings on your machine (unless there is gcode in the slicer output that does, but you would have to add this in manually), so there is no reason to NOT try various slicers. Additional Equipment you may need:
Basic tools package:
Consider printing a tool holder (many are available to fit specific printers on Thingiverse, et al) to store your tools neatly! And don't forget imagination and patience! There is a bit of a steep learning curve to 3D printing, but its not hard to learn. Once you get the basics, it will all be about fine-tuning and perfecting your settings and machine! If you have questions, always feel free to ask! |
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Strong men create good times. Good times breed weak men. Weak men create hard times. Hard times breed strong men.
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[#6]
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Strong men create good times. Good times breed weak men. Weak men create hard times. Hard times breed strong men.
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[#7]
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Strong men create good times. Good times breed weak men. Weak men create hard times. Hard times breed strong men.
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[#8]
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Strong men create good times. Good times breed weak men. Weak men create hard times. Hard times breed strong men.
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[#9]
If anybody has anything that they feel should be included that we missed, feel free to post it up!
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Strong men create good times. Good times breed weak men. Weak men create hard times. Hard times breed strong men.
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[#10]
I think Chep would be a good YouTuber to add. He seems to be mainly a creality guy like teaching tech but also tends to deep dive all the little tips and tricks in Cura
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"Someone choke-raped my Muse"-Evil_ATF
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[#11]
Def do the research before you buy so you have some tidbits to fall back on after the printer shows up and you realize you dont know shit.
And I dont care how much research you do, you will still find out you dont know shit when that thing shows up Its all easy shit though. What makes it tough is there is a lot of easy things that will be coming at you early on that you need to get your head around. KISS for the 1st few days/weeks to minimize complications. (pro tip: If you havent figured out how to level manually, I promise that auto sensor you think you need aint gonna be as auto as you think it is) Some asshole on here posted a thread about possibly getting their kid one years ago. I hadnt looked into them in a long time, but last time I did they were still fkn expensive. So I took a quick a quick goog peek at them and was blown away by how inexpensive they had gotten. $200!?!? Most of us here in GD piss more than that every morning Quicky research Had me interested in an Anet A8 and the Tevo Tarantula (original, not the new Pro or RS). Looking under the hood, the Tevo had a waayy better electronics package (and still does in the $200 price range), and those linear rod bearing things on the Anet sounded like they could be a nightmare. Tevo it was, and it has been the best $200 I have spent in years. That thing taught me soo much and has been soo handy over the last few years. Im a mechanic, and having this thing as a tool, or even just a creative outlet, has opened up a whole new world of possibilities. You wanna put these weird carbs on this weird motor? Ill draw up some manifolds, test fit, and we can have them cast in alum. (PLA can be used similarly to lost wax) You want to put these goofy brake calipers on this goofy car? I can draw up some brackets, test fit, then give the drawing to a buddy with a couple Haas in his garage. Fri night and I want to go home, but the updated part I am installing also requires an updated MAP sensor that nobody fkn knew about? Draw up an adapter, put that shit together, and go home It really is a fun and useful hobby. Kinda like riding a bike though, that 1st week can be a little frustrating, but things start happening fast once you get over that initial hump. |
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[#12]
Anyone have laptop recommendations for
running fusion 360? I looked up specs and sat down with my son a few months ago and What we were finding is gaming type laptops that filled the specs and priced around 1700 ish to little over 2k. If that's the case so be it, but still want to check in here and see what anyone suggests. Thank you |
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[#13]
My specs, and it runs Fusion 360 until the model gets highly complicated:
W10 Pro, 64bit (upgraded from W7) NVIDIA NVS 5200M graphics back to back with Intel HD Graphics 4000. Core i5-3320M overclocked to 3.2 GHz 16GB DDR3 (and I need all of it, but not for Fusion, I run about 4 memory intensive programs at a time, all the time) Running on a Dell Latitude E6430. It is an older business laptop, but it does the business for 90% of what I need to do, but my more complicated and history rich models in Fusion slow it WAAAAAAAAAAAAY down as my processor maxes out running the calculations. |
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Strong men create good times. Good times breed weak men. Weak men create hard times. Hard times breed strong men.
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[#14]
Thank you, I'll look at it tonight.
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[#15]
Found this last night:
https://support.th3dstudio.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/360063252151/Help-guide-Creality-and-others-5-22-21091.pdf Help Guide with assembly, tuning, and troubleshooting tutorials.For Creality3d Aluminum framed printers, and similar copy's Author: Luke Hatfield |
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"The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the boogaloo, whose face is marred by pixels and ink and cheetos.”,
Teddy the Toad, (w,stte), "The Derpmen" |
[Last Edit: mdw]
[#16]
I found this to help aide in calibrating x,y,z, and the extruder,
Calibration calculator Part 2 Calibrate X Y Z axis made easy Wanhao D9 and other 3d printer Part 3 Calibrate the Extruder on your Wanhao 3D printer and other printer |
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SS17
I flew with Rotorhead and survived to tell about it!! Black Rifles Matter Security Provided By The Second Admendment |
[#17]
A mention of flexible media, like TPU and TPE, would be worthwhile, IMO. Great writeup, y'all!
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[#18]
Note: Some SLA printers are getting down there in price and are a challenger to the Ender 3's price point. These usually have a considerably smaller print area, but SLA generally can do finer detail. The new Anycubic Photon Zero can be found for 99 bucks on the manufacturers site.
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[#19]
I still need help finding the correct printer to use. There isn't exactly alot of resources online (like for example top 10 printers for printing gun parts) and most places will ban you for even talking about it. so can anyone suggest a good printer what I need around 100-300 usd ??
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[#20]
Originally Posted By Selous-Scout175: I still need help finding the correct printer to use. There isn't exactly alot of resources online (like for example top 10 printers for printing gun parts) and most places will ban you for even talking about it. so can anyone suggest a good printer what I need around 100-300 usd ?? View Quote Any of them will work. Seriously check out YouTube for reviews for features you want. Reread this thread, there are yt channel recommendations, printer recommendations, and other info. |
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Strong men create good times. Good times breed weak men. Weak men create hard times. Hard times breed strong men.
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[#21]
Thank you
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[#22]
The ender is a solid first printer to learn on.
Lots of youtube channels with helpful tutorials and the upgrade parts are cheap |
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"The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the boogaloo, whose face is marred by pixels and ink and cheetos.”,
Teddy the Toad, (w,stte), "The Derpmen" |
[#23]
It appears that the Voxelab Aquila X2 3D Printer is “one of those Ender 3 clones”. It also has some (supposed) improvements built into it. Any feedback on that model, or should I simply go for an Ender 3 as a starter printer?
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"--you can't conquer a free man; the most you can do is kill him."
Heinlein NRA Life Member Glock Certified Armorer Certified AR15 Armorer Certified M1911 Armorer |
[#24]
Check this place out.
"What sets Tiny Machines apart? Our Ender 3 V2 comes with custom firmware and any selected upgrades installed (unless otherwise noted). Every 3D printer Tiny Machines 3D sells is tested at our facility in Houston, TX, and comes with 90 days of hassle-free technical support. Our goal is to fix any factory flaws so the machine you receive works perfectly from the start! Tiny Machines 3D offers a level of expertise and customer service that big online retailers can’t match." https://www.tinymachines3d.com/ |
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[Last Edit: AR45fan]
[#25]
I have been 3D printing for about three years. I teach elementary school and my district bought printers for every school building. I teach students as young as second grade to use tinkercad and how to slice their designs on makerbot.com and operate the printers. I even won an award from my district for this "innovative" curriculum. I thought I knew what I was doing.
So, I got my family an Ender 3 V2 Neo for Christmas this year and after three weeks it's basically a paperweight. At school we have Makerbot Sketch printers that cost about $1200 a piece. Why so much when an Ender Neo is under $400? Well, those Makerbots just work. I have had to reset the z-axis from time to time and replace a couple of clogged hot ends over the years but that's it. They automate the filament loading procedure, never need to be levelled and they just WORK. I have hundreds and hundreds of hours on those machines. At the moment I am sitting next to my virtually new Ender and am 100% stumped as to why this thing will not extrude. Filament is coming out finer than frog hair and it won't stick to the bed. Just makes wispy clouds. Yesterday it worked. Now it doesn't. Yes, I've watched videos, changed the extruder nozzle, played with extruder and bed temps, levelled and relevelled and relevelled, adjusted the z-axis offset, adjusted printing speed, etc. This thing is close to going in the garbage honestly. Anyway, my point is, while the OP says spending over $1000 won't necessarily improve print quality, in my experience it makes all the difference in the world as far as enjoying this hobby. |
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[#26]
awesome information and answered my question about a CAD program. I already d/loaded freecad but wasn't sure it would do what I want..
pretty excited to get in to this hobby because guns,cars and motorcycles didn't cost me enough money.. |
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For fuck's sake. It is possessive. For the sake of fuck.
Pain is temporary, chicks dig scars and legends are forever |
[#27]
Originally Posted By Striker: awesome information and answered my question about a CAD program. I already d/loaded freecad but wasn't sure it would do what I want.. pretty excited to get in to this hobby because guns,cars and motorcycles didn't cost me enough money.. View Quote After you drain some mortgage payments here, get a SxS and then you can take out another mortgage |
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Strong men create good times. Good times breed weak men. Weak men create hard times. (You are here) Hard times breed strong men.
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[#28]
Originally Posted By Rat_Patrol: After you drain some mortgage payments here, get a SxS and then you can take out another mortgage View Quote |
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For fuck's sake. It is possessive. For the sake of fuck.
Pain is temporary, chicks dig scars and legends are forever |
[#29]
Can we please get some links of YouTube channels that teach 3D Modeling? I have access to pretty much to any software package except Solid Works. Not going to invest in it until I am more confident in myself.
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Tennessee Squire
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Land of the once free & the home of the narrative.
AL, USA
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[#30]
Originally Posted By SandHillsHillbilly: Can we please get some links of YouTube channels that teach 3D Modeling? I have access to pretty much to any software package except Solid Works. Not going to invest in it until I am more confident in myself. View Quote https://youtu.be/WKb3mRkgTwg?si=5ubN8RiHrzPl9gje Fusion 360 User Interface Tutorial | 2024 Interface |
"Whoever makes himself great will be made humble. Whoever makes himself humble will be made great." -Jesus
"if it can be destroyed by the truth, it deserves to be destroyed by the truth" - Linus from Charlie Brown |
[#31]
Originally Posted By OG1: https://youtu.be/WKb3mRkgTwg?si=5ubN8RiHrzPl9gje https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKb3mRkgTwg View Quote Thank you I saw his playlist and wasn't for sure he was one of the recommended from the Arf hive. |
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Tennessee Squire
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[#32]
Originally Posted By SandHillsHillbilly: Thank you I saw his playlist and wasn't for sure he was one of the recommended from the Arf hive. View Quote View All Quotes View All Quotes Originally Posted By SandHillsHillbilly: Originally Posted By OG1: https://youtu.be/WKb3mRkgTwg?si=5ubN8RiHrzPl9gje https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKb3mRkgTwg Thank you I saw his playlist and wasn't for sure he was one of the recommended from the Arf hive. Dual monitors help: have him on one side, F360 on the other, and follow along. |
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Strong men create good times. Good times breed weak men. Weak men create hard times. (You are here) Hard times breed strong men.
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