The simple answer is a house built of the foam/concrete method with a concrete roof would most certainly survive. Even a house made of wood can be made to survive the winds of a F4-more or less, its going to look like shit though, forget about a direct hit.
Oklahoma is the leader in the research and the manuals on how to do it are available from any municipality. The 3 big issues are to keep the windows in-place,then the roof and then to tie the entire thing from the top of the roof to the slab with simpson metal strapping. The windows always go before the roof, so if those are secure your fine, if you get a breach its going to be bad luck because the wind will get in and create a force exactly like how a airplane wing works and the roof will literally lift off.
There are a lot of studies done now and they know very well how to make a house survive a f4 tornado, its the F5 that gets creepy. Getting back to the concrete structure, as long as the windows held you would be fine, if you lose those then the inside of your house be torn up. The current concrete homes being built in tornado valley have a back up strong room( a solid concrete room with no windows and solid metal door. They will also survive most small arms fire, I have no clue about 50 cal but I would say no way to AP 50cal.
All the homes being lost are for the most part pretty old, or not designed to the Oklahoma standards. Oklahoma dictates that new homes have to have a strong room and I did see a couple homes yesterday were that was all that was left.