That chart is a bunch of BS.
The sonic crack at the end of your barrel from shooting super sonics is enough to cause damage. The suppressor isn't stopping that. Mind you, the AMOUNT of damage is vastly reduced for every decibel you drop, and you probably aren't talking significant damage immediately. Accumulated exposure will cause problems.
140 is the threshold for actual pain. Anything past about 90 you should wear hearing protection if there will be extended or repeated exposure.
People generally under estimate the need for hearing protection. Suppressors help, but other than subsonics they are not negating the need for hearing protection. They just reduce the downside of NOT wearing it.
The reason folks are talking about barrel length is that if you shoot something that doesn't completely burn or barely finished burning by the time it exits the barrel you get a significant flash over when it hits open air. A suppressor helps, but that's why you have the first round pop phenomenon. An 18" barrel 308 is going to be LOUD even suppressed. You'll have a gout of flame coming out past the can and you overwhelmed the can with the gas supply. On the other hand, a 26" barreled model will be much quieter and if you shot subsonics it could approach movie levels of quiet.