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Can someone explain how PE firms make money running businesses into the ground? Wouldn't they want companies to be successful so they could sell them?
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What PE firms do is a bit more complicated and legally legit but what they are essentially doing is acting like mobsters. So it helps to watch the mob version to get an understanding. There's a short version of it in Goodfellas when they take over the restaurant, run up it's accounts while taking all the food out the back door and off to other restaurants then burning it to the ground for insurance money. There's longer version in The Sopranos season 2 or 3 when Tony takes over the sporting goods store. He's got the owner over a barrel and leaves it in his (actually the schmuck's sister's) name, while he maxes out every account, steals all the merchandise and leaves the owner to declare bankruptcy.
Super crude and simplified version of the PE strategy can go like this. Take a Company with a historic and valuable name that has brand loyalty, and with a long track record of success, like Remington for example, cut production costs by lowering QC, fire seniority employees who earn the most (But who also have the most valuable skills to the company) replace them with minimum wage employees who know nothing, axe the R&D department completely and pressure the line managers to increase production by any means necessary. This maximizes the profit margin in the short term. As the short term profits spike, hey wow look at that, those profits are magically exactly what the salaries and fees the PE firm costs. There is no profit and the company has to take out loans to cover operating expenses. Banks are generally more trusting of multi generational iconic companies like Remington so more money can be leveraged out of the banks than could be for say PSA. Oops most of the money loaned ended up being paid to the PE firm instead of covering the actual operating costs so now the company is in the red. About the time creditors and suppliers cut off the money because they're not getting paid back, employees start quitting for not getting paid and customers stop buying the product due to quality going to shit it's time to pull the plug.
If the PE firm stayed an outside entity they simply walk away. If they took some level of ownership they do all of the above but shuffle the money off to another entity under the same corporate umbrella and then break off the raided entity into a stand alone separate company. Sometimes they find a sucker to buy in and take over after the raid. It's more complicated but they find a way to leave someone else holding the bag. It's all about short term profit and moving on.