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Same as hunting dangerous game in africa. It seems like there is a lot of overlap. To reliably stop a bear will require a structural breakage like a shoulder, or central nervous system hit, or massive blood loss which usually requires some time. I don't know where the cut off is in calibers between "good enough to break bones" vs "probably won't break bones". But I'm kind of thinking somewhere around .35 caliber and 200 grains with some speed. I'd prefer to not find out I'm wrong.
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There are some safari hunters here that will know, but I think most African countries have caliber requirements for most game. Medium bores, .35 are minimums for some game. Bog bores, .416s and bigger for others.
One of the best “hunt the world” cartridges is the 375 H&H. Most of the venerable belted magnums we used are based on that case.
I really do like the 35 Whelen though. It shoots well at modest ranges, light recoil like a 30-06, and hits like freight train. Plus, it’s affordable. Where a box of premium 375 is $100 or more, most premium 35 Whelen is $40 or so.