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6/18/2008 4:23:05 PM EDT
[#1]

Quoted:
The point of AF is to deal with scenarios where you can prove to a preponderance of the evidence that the property is proceeds of illegal activity, but cannot prove beyond a reasonable dout that the individual it was siezed from is guilty of the same


Which is why it is total and complete bullshit.
6/18/2008 4:26:18 PM EDT
[#2]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Not extreme... Just ignoring that a civil case *is* 'due process of law'...

Like I said, the 'you must prove there is nothing nefarious about your property' standard is bullshit....
Agreed.
A 'The government must prove that the property is proceeds of illegal activity to a perponderance of the evidence (civil judgement)' standard is not....
Disagree. This is the state acting, not your neighbor. As the state, they have unlimited resources and you can go broke defending yourself. Same applies to any other large organization suing a smaller one or an individual Also, many of these cases have the seized property as the defendant, not the person. I don't agree with that way of doing it either... The owner should be the defendant. If you commit a crime, let the state prove it in criminal court. The point of AF is to deal with scenarios where you can prove to a preponderance of the evidence that the property is proceeds of illegal activity, but cannot prove beyond a reasonable dot that the individual it was seized from is guilty of the same


However, that's where we are going to disagree. The state, as the state, has unlimited power and as such should be held to the highest standard. The state should not be in the business of suing citizens. Either the person committed a crime and the state can prove it, or not. Otherwise, with politicians being what they are, the potential for abuse is profound. See Bloomburg and his attempted suits against gun manufacturers.
6/18/2008 4:27:24 PM EDT
[#3]

Quoted:

Quoted:
I don't, however, think that it should be held to criminal court standards....


Why?


The point of AF is to deal with scenarios where you can prove to a preponderance of the evidence that the property is proceeds of illegal activity, but cannot prove beyond a reasonable dout that the individual it was siezed from is guilty of the same

If you can prove in civil court that it's siezable, that is A-OK with me, regardless of what happens to the the criminal case... Similar to 'Not guilty of murder in Criminal court, Liable for wrongful death in Civil court'...

The OJ principle, so to speak...

What I would *change* about the current system is:

1) Government sues the property owner to sieze the property (not the property itself)
2) Government must prove to PE standard that the property is proceeds of or was used in illegal activity
3) No proceeds from the seizure may be used in any way that benefits any agency involved in the seizure, nor may any agency involved in seizures be funded or compensated based on the number of seizures or the value of property seized...


That right there removes any profit motive or 'mercenary' motivations for the police to use forfeiture... While preserving it as a tool to 'reach' otherwise unreachable organizations...

ETA: Another point, is that I'm a big supporter of 'Looser pays' for all civil cases... Including AF... If you win your case, the govt should be required to pay all of your expenses...

With the right safeguards, AF can be kept from being used on legit citizens...
6/18/2008 4:28:30 PM EDT
[#4]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:
I don't, however, think that it should be held to criminal court standards....


Why?


The point of AF is to deal with scenarios where you can prove to a preponderance of the evidence that the property is proceeds of illegal activity, but cannot prove beyond a reasonable dout that the individual it was siezed from is guilty of the same

If you can prove in civil court that it's siezable, that is A-OK with me, regardless of what happens to the the criminal case... Similar to 'Not guilty of murder in Criminal court, Liable for wrongful death in Civil court'...

The OJ principle, so to speak...

What I would *change* about the current system is:

1) Government sues the property owner to sieze the property (not the property itself)
2) Government must prove to PE standard that the property is proceeds of or was used in illegal activity
3) No proceeds from the seizure may be used in any way that benefits any agency involved in the seizure, nor may any agency involved in seizures be funded or compensated based on the number of seizures or the value of property seized...


That right there removes any profit motive or 'mercenary' motivations for the police to use forfeiture... While preserving it as a tool to 'reach' otherwise unreachable organizations...


So, like I said, its a way to fuck someone without having to go through all that hassle of convicting them.

Gotcha.
6/18/2008 4:29:02 PM EDT
[#5]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

Not extreme... Just ignoring that a civil case *is* 'due process of law'...

Like I said, the 'you must prove there is nothing nefarious about your property' standard is bullshit....
Agreed.
A 'The government must prove that the property is proceeds of illegal activity to a perponderance of the evidence (civil judgement)' standard is not....
Disagree. This is the state acting, not your neighbor. As the state, they have unlimited resources and you can go broke defending yourself. Same applies to any other large organization suing a smaller one or an individual Also, many of these cases have the seized property as the defendant, not the person. I don't agree with that way of doing it either... The owner should be the defendant. If you commit a crime, let the state prove it in criminal court. The point of AF is to deal with scenarios where you can prove to a preponderance of the evidence that the property is proceeds of illegal activity, but cannot prove beyond a reasonable dot that the individual it was seized from is guilty of the same


However, that's where we are going to disagree. The state, as the state, has unlimited power and as such should be held to the highest standard. The state should not be in the business of suing citizens. Either the person committed a crime and the state can prove it, or not. Otherwise, with politicians being what they are, the potential for abuse is profound. See Bloomburg and his attempted suits against gun manufacturers.


Understood...

That said, Bloomberg's suits aren't AF, and thanks to federal law, they are illegal...

Another example of why we need 'Looser Pays' for all civil cases...
6/18/2008 4:31:48 PM EDT
[#6]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:
I don't, however, think that it should be held to criminal court standards....


Why?


The point of AF is to deal with scenarios where you can prove to a preponderance of the evidence that the property is proceeds of illegal activity, but cannot prove beyond a reasonable dout that the individual it was siezed from is guilty of the same

If you can prove in civil court that it's siezable, that is A-OK with me, regardless of what happens to the the criminal case... Similar to 'Not guilty of murder in Criminal court, Liable for wrongful death in Civil court'...

The OJ principle, so to speak...

What I would *change* about the current system is:

1) Government sues the property owner to sieze the property (not the property itself)
2) Government must prove to PE standard that the property is proceeds of or was used in illegal activity
3) No proceeds from the seizure may be used in any way that benefits any agency involved in the seizure, nor may any agency involved in seizures be funded or compensated based on the number of seizures or the value of property seized...


That right there removes any profit motive or 'mercenary' motivations for the police to use forfeiture... While preserving it as a tool to 'reach' otherwise unreachable organizations...


So, like I said, its a way to fuck someone without having to go through all that hassle of convicting them.

Gotcha.


So what is your opinion on what happened to Mr Simpson, then?

I see this as no different...

If we add the safeguards pointed out above (including the ETA not in your quote) then it will not be used against law abiding citizens due to the costs involved, and the impossibility of any benefit to the involved agencies...
6/18/2008 4:32:46 PM EDT
[#7]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:
I don't, however, think that it should be held to criminal court standards....


Why?


The point of AF is to deal with scenarios where you can prove to a preponderance of the evidence that the property is proceeds of illegal activity, but cannot prove beyond a reasonable dout that the individual it was siezed from is guilty of the same

Okay...how can one prove that your money is the result of illegal activity without proving you are guilty of that activity? The concept defies logic.
If you can prove in civil court that it's siezable, that is A-OK with me, regardless of what happens to the the criminal case... Similar to 'Not guilty of murder in Criminal court, Liable for wrongful death in Civil court'...
The state is not a fellow citizen suing another. The state is a governing body charged with protecting the rights of it's citizens. It is run by politicians and has unlimited resources. THe state should not be able to take anything away from a citizen without unreasonable doubt. If someone commits a crime, try them, convict them, and take what is just. Civil suits are an end run around that concept. "We can't get him, so let's think up another way."The OJ principle, so to speak...

What I would *change* about the current system is:

1) Government sues the property owner to sieze the property (not the property itself)
2) Government must prove to PE standard that the property is proceeds of or was used in illegal activity
3) No proceeds from the seizure may be used in any way that benefits any agency involved in the seizure, nor may any agency involved in seizures be funded or compensated based on the number of seizures or the value of property seized...


That right there removes any profit motive or 'mercenary' motivations for the police to use forfeiture... While preserving it as a tool to 'reach' otherwise unreachable organizations...
6/18/2008 4:35:15 PM EDT
[#8]
Land Pirates
6/18/2008 4:38:52 PM EDT
[#9]
Actually seizure of property and the resulting civil cases that result from them can be very problematic and unfairly so.
Actual case in point. A young man sold his truck to a person who contacted him out off a classified add he ran. The man paid cash for the truck and signed a bill of sale and the title was handed over.
The person who had just bought the truck then loaned it to a "friend" who used the truck in the commission of a felony. The truck was seized along with 8K in cash and a stolen gun. The vin # was still registered to the original owner who was 19 at the time.
He was arrested and later released with no charges filed however he was named in the civil suit filed for property forfeiture.
6 years later the young man applies for a job and is denied employment due to being named as an accessory in the civil case finding. He had nothing to do with the crime and thought his sale was valid but is stuck now with this on his record. It shows in the public doc search for felonies arrests or court cases filed.

There is no "governor" placed on the seizure of property by a law enforcement entities. Essentially, if it is suspected that a felony is being committed they can take anything they want to and the burden of proof that it was not used in the process of a crime falls on the owner of the property.
If you get some unsavory individuals like this guy in the mix the line between LAW and THIEF become blurred.
This guy is a thief and gets away with it by inducing fear and abusing the badge.

6/18/2008 4:40:29 PM EDT
[#10]

Quoted:

Quoted:
So, like I said, its a way to fuck someone without having to go through all that hassle of convicting them.

Gotcha.

If we add the safeguards pointed out above (including the ETA not in your quote) then it will not be used against law abiding citizens due to the costs involved, and the impossibility of any benefit to the involved agencies...

Oh well then, that makes it all OK.

6/18/2008 4:52:20 PM EDT
[#11]

Quoted:


So what is your opinion on what happened to Mr Simpson, then?



Apples and oranges.  Simpson was charged criminally for a specific offense, and the state failed to prove it's case.  He was then sued in civil court for damages he was alleged to have done to another party.  

If you can prove how a person driving on a public highway does damage to another party by carrying $5000 of his own money, I'll eat my hat.  
6/18/2008 5:01:26 PM EDT
[#12]

Quoted:

Quoted:
For law-abiding citizens that prefer to carry cash, what's the solution?


Silly rabbit, you just don't get it.

Law-abiding citizens don't carry cash.


Some think that the law-abiding citizen doesn't exist -everybody's guilty of something if you just dig deep enough.
6/18/2008 5:07:43 PM EDT
[#13]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:
I don't, however, think that it should be held to criminal court standards....


Why?


The point of AF is to deal with scenarios where you can prove to a preponderance of the evidence that the property is proceeds of illegal activity, but cannot prove beyond a reasonable dout that the individual it was siezed from is guilty of the same

If you can prove in civil court that it's siezable, that is A-OK with me, regardless of what happens to the the criminal case... Similar to 'Not guilty of murder in Criminal court, Liable for wrongful death in Civil court'...

The OJ principle, so to speak...

What I would *change* about the current system is:

1) Government sues the property owner to sieze the property (not the property itself)
2) Government must prove to PE standard that the property is proceeds of or was used in illegal activity
3) No proceeds from the seizure may be used in any way that benefits any agency involved in the seizure, nor may any agency involved in seizures be funded or compensated based on the number of seizures or the value of property seized...


That right there removes any profit motive or 'mercenary' motivations for the police to use forfeiture... While preserving it as a tool to 'reach' otherwise unreachable organizations...

ETA: Another point, is that I'm a big supporter of 'Looser pays' for all civil cases... Including AF... If you win your case, the govt should be required to pay all of your expenses...

With the right safeguards, AF can be kept from being used on legit citizens...



Why not just make the seizure part of the criminal trial?

If the person isnt convicted of a crime dont take his stuff. Keep it as evidence during the trial. Not guitly....agency has 10 working days to delivery defendants property. Guilty.....take the seized property.

I dont really who cares who gets the money as long as its not just a simple process. Adding a few hurdles wont stop anything. I dont mind that the agency who made the arrest, and followed it through trial should get the money.

Carrying money should not be a crime nor used as suspicion of a crime. I see it as no different than someone having lots of money in the bank. Id go so far as to say theres more dirty money in banks than people carrying it around in cash.

Seizing cash is just easy. Side of the road, given an ultimatum of jail or just letting it go. A monkey court wont help anything.
6/18/2008 5:08:45 PM EDT
[#14]
To my mind, asset forfeiture is bullshit in almost any case.

However, I would be okay with asset forfeiture in the following case:

The assets in contest remain the property and in the possession of the person from whom forfeiture is being considered. Asset forfeiture may ONLY be brought about in conjunction with simultaneous criminal charges. The assets may ONLY be seized if they are, in a criminal court, not just proven beyond reasonable doubt but conclusively and totally proven - as in, they absolutely could not have come from any other source - to have been gained as the direct result of the criminal activities for which the person is being charged. They may also not be seized unless the person is convicted of the crime with which he is being charged.

An example: A person is charged with dealing marijuana. His car and house are under consideration for forfeiture. The prosecutors would then have to prove beyond reasonable doubt that he sold marijuana, and completely and conclusively prove that the car and house were paid for solely and directly with money gained from his marijuana sales. If they could not, the assets remain his.

Furthermore, the assets may not be seized until all avenues for appeal have been used or the defendant declines further appeal, and may at any time be sold by the defendant to provide money for his defense. Finally, the assets, if seized, may not be used by the department which seized them, directly or indirectly.
6/18/2008 5:11:34 PM EDT
[#15]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Nonsense. When you set a precedence that assets can be seized without conviction, then that precedence can be utilized in any scenario. Why the disagreement for waiting for a conviction of a crime in a court before things can be seized. Are we not innocent unless proved guilty?



Cars are seized every day from drunk drivers and street racers on the spot without judge, jury on the spot.  


cars are also seized in prostitution/$20 blowjob cases and I've seen 'sting' operations were people buying $5 and $10 bags of pot had their vehicles stolen/seized.



edit for spelling
6/18/2008 5:13:43 PM EDT
[#16]
has anyone played the Cav Arms asset forfiture card yet???
6/18/2008 5:16:42 PM EDT
[#17]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:
I don't, however, think that it should be held to criminal court standards....


Why?


The point of AF is to deal with scenarios where you can prove to a preponderance of the evidence that the property is proceeds of illegal activity, but cannot prove beyond a reasonable dout that the individual it was siezed from is guilty of the same

Okay...how can one prove that your money is the result of illegal activity without proving you are guilty of that activity? The concept defies logic.

The standard for civil court is not 'Beyond a reasonable doubt'... It's perponderance of the evidence... The difference can be compared to 'Supermajority vs a standard majority vote'

If you can prove in civil court that it's siezable, that is A-OK with me, regardless of what happens to the the criminal case... Similar to 'Not guilty of murder in Criminal court, Liable for wrongful death in Civil court'...
The state is not a fellow citizen suing another. The state is a governing body charged with protecting the rights of it's citizens. It is run by politicians and has unlimited resources. THe state should not be able to take anything away from a citizen without unreasonable doubt. If someone commits a crime, try them, convict them, and take what is just. Civil suits are an end run around that concept. "We can't get him, so let's think up another way."

So long as it's a legal way... Which this would be (again, present practice isn't exactly that great)
The OJ principle, so to speak...

What I would *change* about the current system is:

1) Government sues the property owner to sieze the property (not the property itself)
2) Government must prove to PE standard that the property is proceeds of or was used in illegal activity
3) No proceeds from the seizure may be used in any way that benefits any agency involved in the seizure, nor may any agency involved in seizures be funded or compensated based on the number of seizures or the value of property seized...


That right there removes any profit motive or 'mercenary' motivations for the police to use forfeiture... While preserving it as a tool to 'reach' otherwise unreachable organizations...
6/18/2008 5:18:55 PM EDT
[#18]

Yeah when I'm cruising through East Buttfuck and a deputy pulls up and gives me the fish eye I'm really going to stare him down.


I'm not scared of the law. I give them a nod or a wave.
6/18/2008 5:19:27 PM EDT
[#19]

Quoted:
has anyone played the Cav Arms asset forfiture card yet???


Yes... Damn weak card, 100% based on emotion...

Cav could be 100% guity of (whatever) or 100% innocent... Since we don't know what (whatever) is, we can't LOGICALLY decide weather the ATF's actions are legit - although many here have taken the 'I feel' route on that one... Their situation is 100% invalid as a 'point' of argument...

Only they & the ATF know what's going on, and I'm damn sure their lawyers told them not to discuss it in public...

The ATF isn't talking either...

And I, personally, refuse to take a side until the actual situation becomes public...
6/18/2008 5:22:07 PM EDT
[#20]

Quoted:

Quoted:
has anyone played the Cav Arms asset forfiture card yet???


Yes... Damn weak card, 100% based on emotion...

Cav could be 100% guity of (whatever) or 100% innocent... Since we don't know what (whatever) is, we can't LOGICALLY decide weather the ATF's actions are legit - although many here have taken the 'I feel' route on that one... Their situation is 100% invalid as a 'point' of argument...

Only they & the ATF know what's going on, and I'm damn sure their lawyers told them not to discuss it in public...

The ATF isn't talking either...

And I, personally, refuse to take a side until the actual situation becomes public...


INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY in a court of law.


Should be that way at least.  That is why a lot of us are in support of them.  
They've been raped, with nary a charge.


6/18/2008 5:22:55 PM EDT
[#21]

Quoted:
To my mind, asset forfeiture is bullshit in almost any case.

However, I would be okay with asset forfeiture in the following case:

The assets in contest remain the property and in the possession of the person from whom forfeiture is being considered. Asset forfeiture may ONLY be brought about in conjunction with simultaneous criminal charges. The assets may ONLY be seized if they are, in a criminal court, not just proven beyond reasonable doubt but conclusively and totally proven - as in, they absolutely could not have come from any other source - to have been gained as the direct result of the criminal activities for which the person is being charged. They may also not be seized unless the person is convicted of the crime with which he is being charged.

An example: A person is charged with dealing marijuana. His car and house are under consideration for forfeiture. The prosecutors would then have to prove beyond reasonable doubt that he sold marijuana, and completely and conclusively prove that the car and house were paid for solely and directly with money gained from his marijuana sales. If they could not, the assets remain his.

Furthermore, the assets may not be seized until all avenues for appeal have been used or the defendant declines further appeal, and may at any time be sold by the defendant to provide money for his defense. Finally, the assets, if seized, may not be used by the department which seized them, directly or indirectly.


Which makes it moot, as by the time all that is done the assets will be gone...

Further, it's a little much to say 'Only if it's 100% directly related to the crime'...

CRIMINAL forfeiture (What you are describing above) is there to enhance the penalty for the offense... There's nothing wrong with busting someone for a felony pot charge & siezing everything but the clothes on their back, IF they are convicted...

Tougher standard to sieze...

But if that standard is met, take it ALL... He knew he was breaking the law, time to pay the piper....
6/18/2008 5:23:34 PM EDT
[#22]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

Nonsense. When you set a precedence that assets can be seized without conviction, then that precedence can be utilized in any scenario. Why the disagreement for waiting for a conviction of a crime in a court before things can be seized. Are we not innocent unless proved guilty?



Cars are seized every day from drunk drivers and street racers on the spot without judge, jury on the spot.  


cars are also seized in prostittion/$20 blowjob cases and I've seen 'sting' operations were people buying $5 and $10 bags of pot had their vehicles stole/seized.



Thats another peice of the pie. The "punishment" just doesnt add up to the crime. A few dollars in illegal activity adds up to what could be an expensive car. And buying marijuna doesnt mean, at all, that drug funds were used to buy the car. If you're buying something you're not making money off it as an end user. You're losing money in reality.

But I dont really agree with the "war on drugs" so I dont see the point in making a criminal out of someone buying a joint in the first place. Far more money would be made off regulating its sale than seizing cars and houses. For instance tobacco taxes add up to far more money than prosecuting people for violating import laws like smuggling cigs into NYS/NYC. Police departments would have more money than they knew what to do with it.

6/18/2008 5:25:21 PM EDT
[#23]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

Nonsense. When you set a precedence that assets can be seized without conviction, then that precedence can be utilized in any scenario. Why the disagreement for waiting for a conviction of a crime in a court before things can be seized. Are we not innocent unless proved guilty?



Cars are seized every day from drunk drivers and street racers on the spot without judge, jury on the spot.  


cars are also seized in prostittion/$20 blowjob cases and I've seen 'sting' operations were people buying $5 and $10 bags of pot had their vehicles stole/seized.



Thats another peice of the pie. The "punishment" just doesnt add up to the crime. A few dollars in illegal activity adds up to what could be an expensive car. And buying marijuna doesnt mean, at all, that drug funds were used to buy the car. If you're buying something you're not making money off it as an end user. You're losing money in reality.

But I dont really agree with the "war on drugs" so I dont see the point in making a criminal out of someone buying a joint in the first place. Far more money would be made off regulating its sale than seizing cars and houses. For instance tobacco taxes add up to far more money than prosecuting people for violating import laws like smuggling cigs into NYS/NYC. Police departments would have more money than they knew what to do with it.



The point of banning drugs isn't to 'make money'...

It's to keep as many people as possible from using drugs... And to punish the rest severely...
6/18/2008 5:29:41 PM EDT
[#24]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

Nonsense. When you set a precedence that assets can be seized without conviction, then that precedence can be utilized in any scenario. Why the disagreement for waiting for a conviction of a crime in a court before things can be seized. Are we not innocent unless proved guilty?



Cars are seized every day from drunk drivers and street racers on the spot without judge, jury on the spot.  


cars are also seized in prostittion/$20 blowjob cases and I've seen 'sting' operations were people buying $5 and $10 bags of pot had their vehicles stole/seized.



Thats another peice of the pie. The "punishment" just doesnt add up to the crime. A few dollars in illegal activity adds up to what could be an expensive car. And buying marijuna doesnt mean, at all, that drug funds were used to buy the car. If you're buying something you're not making money off it as an end user. You're losing money in reality.

But I dont really agree with the "war on drugs" so I dont see the point in making a criminal out of someone buying a joint in the first place. Far more money would be made off regulating its sale than seizing cars and houses. For instance tobacco taxes add up to far more money than prosecuting people for violating import laws like smuggling cigs into NYS/NYC. Police departments would have more money than they knew what to do with it.



The point of banning drugs isn't to 'make money'...

It's to keep as many people as possible from using drugs... And to punish the rest severely...





Hilarious... absolutely hilarious!

Dave A folks, give him a hand!

He'll be here all week!

Try the veal!



6/18/2008 5:32:09 PM EDT
[#25]

Quoted:

Quoted:
To my mind, asset forfeiture is bullshit in almost any case.

However, I would be okay with asset forfeiture in the following case:

The assets in contest remain the property and in the possession of the person from whom forfeiture is being considered. Asset forfeiture may ONLY be brought about in conjunction with simultaneous criminal charges. The assets may ONLY be seized if they are, in a criminal court, not just proven beyond reasonable doubt but conclusively and totally proven - as in, they absolutely could not have come from any other source - to have been gained as the direct result of the criminal activities for which the person is being charged. They may also not be seized unless the person is convicted of the crime with which he is being charged.

An example: A person is charged with dealing marijuana. His car and house are under consideration for forfeiture. The prosecutors would then have to prove beyond reasonable doubt that he sold marijuana, and completely and conclusively prove that the car and house were paid for solely and directly with money gained from his marijuana sales. If they could not, the assets remain his.

Furthermore, the assets may not be seized until all avenues for appeal have been used or the defendant declines further appeal, and may at any time be sold by the defendant to provide money for his defense. Finally, the assets, if seized, may not be used by the department which seized them, directly or indirectly.


Which makes it moot, as by the time all that is done the assets will be gone...

Further, it's a little much to say 'Only if it's 100% directly related to the crime'...


Fine by me. I'd far rather they didn't seize assets at all except as direct restitution to the victims or family of victims of crimes such as theft, murder, rape... and no, I do not count the People of the State of [fill-in-name-here] as the victims of things like drug use, etc.


CRIMINAL forfeiture (What you are describing above) is there to enhance the penalty for the offense... There's nothing wrong with busting someone for a felony pot charge & siezing everything but the clothes on their back, IF they are convicted...

Tougher standard to sieze...

But if that standard is met, take it ALL... He knew he was breaking the law, time to pay the piper....


I disagree. You're basically taking a person and fucking them over so hard they can't possibly live a normal life afterwards. You might as well just make any case like that into life in prison or execution if you're going to do that.
6/18/2008 5:32:15 PM EDT
[#26]

Quoted:

Quoted:
To my mind, asset forfeiture is bullshit in almost any case.

However, I would be okay with asset forfeiture in the following case:

The assets in contest remain the property and in the possession of the person from whom forfeiture is being considered. Asset forfeiture may ONLY be brought about in conjunction with simultaneous criminal charges. The assets may ONLY be seized if they are, in a criminal court, not just proven beyond reasonable doubt but conclusively and totally proven - as in, they absolutely could not have come from any other source - to have been gained as the direct result of the criminal activities for which the person is being charged. They may also not be seized unless the person is convicted of the crime with which he is being charged.

An example: A person is charged with dealing marijuana. His car and house are under consideration for forfeiture. The prosecutors would then have to prove beyond reasonable doubt that he sold marijuana, and completely and conclusively prove that the car and house were paid for solely and directly with money gained from his marijuana sales. If they could not, the assets remain his.

Furthermore, the assets may not be seized until all avenues for appeal have been used or the defendant declines further appeal, and may at any time be sold by the defendant to provide money for his defense. Finally, the assets, if seized, may not be used by the department which seized them, directly or indirectly.


Which makes it moot, as by the time all that is done the assets will be gone...

Further, it's a little much to say 'Only if it's 100% directly related to the crime'...

CRIMINAL forfeiture (What you are describing above) is there to enhance the penalty for the offense... There's nothing wrong with busting someone for a felony pot charge & siezing everything but the clothes on their back, IF they are convicted...

Tougher standard to sieze...

But if that standard is met, take it ALL... He knew he was breaking the law, time to pay the piper....



You also have to take into consideration the nature of the offense. Taking someones car and house is a very severe penalty for a small grow operation. In fact in some place that might not even yield a prison sentence but probation and community service. My wife has some extended relatives that are a bit off, and her uncle just got convicted for dealing marijuana. He has to wear an ankle bracelet, probation, community service, and pay a fine. He was disabled and was relying on SS for his living expenses which didnt cover how much he needed so he resorted to drug sales to supplement his income. Now he has to pay 60 a week for his bracelet, and doesnt have enough money for his insulin shots. My MIL has to buy them for him now. Not trying to make this a sob story but I think we need to keep penalties within reason and not totally destroy a persons life for a crime without a victim. If they took his house and car he'd be homeless and nothing but a burden on society. Might even face death if he doesnt get his insulin shots. Is that something you'd be ok with for a low level pot seller?

And if you talk to any drug dealer they will tell you marijuana isnt where money is made. Its to get people to buy hard drugs and that is where the money is at. That is why we see so much laced marijuana.
6/18/2008 5:33:34 PM EDT
[#27]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

Nonsense. When you set a precedence that assets can be seized without conviction, then that precedence can be utilized in any scenario. Why the disagreement for waiting for a conviction of a crime in a court before things can be seized. Are we not innocent unless proved guilty?



Cars are seized every day from drunk drivers and street racers on the spot without judge, jury on the spot.  


cars are also seized in prostittion/$20 blowjob cases and I've seen 'sting' operations were people buying $5 and $10 bags of pot had their vehicles stole/seized.



Thats another peice of the pie. The "punishment" just doesnt add up to the crime. A few dollars in illegal activity adds up to what could be an expensive car. And buying marijuna doesnt mean, at all, that drug funds were used to buy the car. If you're buying something you're not making money off it as an end user. You're losing money in reality.

But I dont really agree with the "war on drugs" so I dont see the point in making a criminal out of someone buying a joint in the first place. Far more money would be made off regulating its sale than seizing cars and houses. For instance tobacco taxes add up to far more money than prosecuting people for violating import laws like smuggling cigs into NYS/NYC. Police departments would have more money than they knew what to do with it.



The point of banning drugs isn't to 'make money'...

It's to keep as many people as possible from using drugs... And to punish the rest severely...



Then why has drug usage and profits not even been nicked with a multi decade war on drugs?
6/18/2008 5:48:27 PM EDT
[#28]
Nice gloves.
6/18/2008 5:53:28 PM EDT
[#29]

Quoted:
...

And if you talk to any drug dealer they will tell you marijuana isnt where money is made. Its to get people to buy hard drugs and that is where the money is at. That is why we see so much laced marijuana.


you're are so full of shit, you squish when you walk.

least that's the saying 'round here.
6/18/2008 5:56:30 PM EDT
[#30]

Quoted:

Quoted:
...

And if you talk to any drug dealer they will tell you marijuana isnt where money is made. Its to get people to buy hard drugs and that is where the money is at. That is why we see so much laced marijuana.


you're are so full of shit, you squish when you walk.

least that's the saying 'round here.



Its by far the least costly drug. Someone addicted to a hardcore drug can spend a $100 a day on their habit easily. A pot head will spend a fraction of that.


ETA: And also look at the hardcore drug cartels south of the border. They dont specialize in weed. They're making BILLIONS of dollars every year in the hard stuff.

The domestic and Canadian grow operations are but a drop in the bucket to those guys.

6/18/2008 6:01:18 PM EDT
[#31]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:
Note to self: Drink one beer, drive 75mph in a 65 zone, wink at all police officers in GA and leave Disney cash at home when driving to Florida vacation later this year.


Nah...

Put it in the bank... Pay with an ATM card....


I guess this is one way to force the US to become a cashless society.

The only downside to ATM dependency is that they charge $2-$5 if you use one which is not from your bank, They are dependent on electricity/internet connection/ the ammount of cash inside and most banks have a $300 limit per day. They (the card) can also become damaged or erased.

Although I like my ATM card, I like cash better.

ETA: In an emergency situation where power is out I would imagine a lot of pissed off (moneyless) people will be standing in front of ATM's.


to be fair, most ATMs have an emergency backup battery for just those reasons. Now if the SHTF, having a small (1-2k) cash reserve ready to go could be handy
6/18/2008 6:04:41 PM EDT
[#32]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:
To my mind, asset forfeiture is bullshit in almost any case.

However, I would be okay with asset forfeiture in the following case:

The assets in contest remain the property and in the possession of the person from whom forfeiture is being considered. Asset forfeiture may ONLY be brought about in conjunction with simultaneous criminal charges. The assets may ONLY be seized if they are, in a criminal court, not just proven beyond reasonable doubt but conclusively and totally proven - as in, they absolutely could not have come from any other source - to have been gained as the direct result of the criminal activities for which the person is being charged. They may also not be seized unless the person is convicted of the crime with which he is being charged.

An example: A person is charged with dealing marijuana. His car and house are under consideration for forfeiture. The prosecutors would then have to prove beyond reasonable doubt that he sold marijuana, and completely and conclusively prove that the car and house were paid for solely and directly with money gained from his marijuana sales. If they could not, the assets remain his.

Furthermore, the assets may not be seized until all avenues for appeal have been used or the defendant declines further appeal, and may at any time be sold by the defendant to provide money for his defense. Finally, the assets, if seized, may not be used by the department which seized them, directly or indirectly.


Which makes it moot, as by the time all that is done the assets will be gone...

Further, it's a little much to say 'Only if it's 100% directly related to the crime'...

CRIMINAL forfeiture (What you are describing above) is there to enhance the penalty for the offense... There's nothing wrong with busting someone for a felony pot charge & siezing everything but the clothes on their back, IF they are convicted...

Tougher standard to sieze...

But if that standard is met, take it ALL... He knew he was breaking the law, time to pay the piper....



You also have to take into consideration the nature of the offense. Taking someones car and house is a very severe penalty for a small grow operation. In fact in some place that might not even yield a prison sentence but probation and community service. My wife has some extended relatives that are a bit off, and her uncle just got convicted for dealing marijuana. He has to wear an ankle bracelet, probation, community service, and pay a fine. He was disabled and was relying on SS for his living expenses which didnt cover how much he needed so he resorted to drug sales to supplement his income. Now he has to pay 60 a week for his bracelet, and doesnt have enough money for his insulin shots. My MIL has to buy them for him now. Not trying to make this a sob story but I think we need to keep penalties within reason and not totally destroy a persons life for a crime without a victim. If they took his house and car he'd be homeless and nothing but a burden on society. Might even face death if he doesnt get his insulin shots. Is that something you'd be ok with for a low level pot seller?

Yes... I have no sympathy for any felon... He knew selling drugs was wrong... He did it anyway...

If penalties were severe enough, less people would do it


And if you talk to any drug dealer they will tell you marijuana isnt where money is made. Its to get people to buy hard drugs and that is where the money is at. That is why we see so much laced marijuana.

All the more reason to hammer every last one of them as hard as the law will allow
6/18/2008 6:05:42 PM EDT
[#33]

Quoted:

Quoted:

The point of banning drugs isn't to 'make money'...

It's to keep as many people as possible from using drugs... And to punish the rest severely...



Then why has drug usage and profits not even been nicked with a multi decade war on drugs?


Because we don't take it seriously enough, and don't punish severely enough....

6/18/2008 6:10:55 PM EDT
[#34]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

The point of banning drugs isn't to 'make money'...

It's to keep as many people as possible from using drugs... And to punish the rest severely...



Then why has drug usage and profits not even been nicked with a multi decade war on drugs?


Because we don't take it seriously enough, and don't punish severely enough....




If the penalty for mere posession was death there would still be drug users, dealers, and cartels. Money is the root of all evil.

6/18/2008 6:12:31 PM EDT
[#35]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

The point of banning drugs isn't to 'make money'...

It's to keep as many people as possible from using drugs... And to punish the rest severely...



Then why has drug usage and profits not even been nicked with a multi decade war on drugs?


Because we don't take it seriously enough, and don't punish severely enough....






Please, stop... I can only take so much in one thread.


6/18/2008 6:13:30 PM EDT
[#36]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:
I don't, however, think that it should be held to criminal court standards....


Why?


The point of AF is to deal with scenarios where you can prove to a preponderance of the evidence that the property is proceeds of illegal activity, but cannot prove beyond a reasonable dout that the individual it was siezed from is guilty of the same

If you can prove in civil court that it's siezable, that is A-OK with me, regardless of what happens to the the criminal case... Similar to 'Not guilty of murder in Criminal court, Liable for wrongful death in Civil court'...

The OJ principle, so to speak...

What I would *change* about the current system is:

1) Government sues the property owner to sieze the property (not the property itself)
2) Government must prove to PE standard that the property is proceeds of or was used in illegal activity
3) No proceeds from the seizure may be used in any way that benefits any agency involved in the seizure, nor may any agency involved in seizures be funded or compensated based on the number of seizures or the value of property seized...


That right there removes any profit motive or 'mercenary' motivations for the police to use forfeiture... While preserving it as a tool to 'reach' otherwise unreachable organizations...

ETA: Another point, is that I'm a big supporter of 'Looser pays' for all civil cases... Including AF... If you win your case, the govt should be required to pay all of your expenses...

With the right safeguards, AF can be kept from being used on legit citizens...


Now, how does that work? We can't prove you were dealing drugs but we know that your money came from dealing drugs so were going to take it.
6/18/2008 6:13:52 PM EDT
[#37]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:
...

And if you talk to any drug dealer they will tell you marijuana isnt where money is made. Its to get people to buy hard drugs and that is where the money is at. That is why we see so much laced marijuana.


you're are so full of shit, you squish when you walk.

least that's the saying 'round here.



Its by far the least costly drug. Someone addicted to a hardcore drug can spend a $100 a day on their habit easily. A pot head will spend a fraction of that.


ETA: And also look at the hardcore drug cartels south of the border. They dont specialize in weed. They're making BILLIONS of dollars every year in the hard stuff.

The domestic and Canadian grow operations are but a drop in the bucket to those guys.



full of shit AND factually incorrect - that means WRONG.

eta:

"MEXICO CITY — Marijuana is now the biggest source of income for Mexico's drug cartels and the U.S. is committed to cracking down harder on traffickers, U.S. drug czar John Walters said Thursday.

"We're trying to increase the force with which we're attacking this problem," Walters said in a telephone interview with The Associated Press. "This is a focus because of the overlooked importance marijuana has in the violence."

Walters made the comments following a meeting with Mexican officials who want the U.S. to prosecute marijuana cases more zealously to reduce the amount of cash gangs can spend on guns.

Mexican Attorney General Eduardo Medina Mora discussed the subject with Walters and U.S. federal prosecutors from the border region Thursday during a meeting in the Baja California resort of Los Cabos.

Walters said the U.S. government is seeking additional resources to prosecute traffickers of marijuana, which now earns cartels about $8.5 billion or about 61 percent of their annual estimated income of $13.8 billion. Cocaine sales earn the cartels about $3.9 billion, and methamphetamine about $1 billion, he said."

have a big cup.
6/18/2008 6:15:54 PM EDT
[#38]
Not something I often advertise but the company I work for pays per diem upfront to us on some occasions before we go out of town.  Depending on where the job is and how long we are going to be out of town that amount might be a nice chunk of change.  

Now, I know better than to drive around with that money; it goes right into the bank (yes, they give me cash).  However I also have had them give me an upfront amount of petty cash.  Sometimes this happens before we have a bank account setup where the work is.

So I can see myself driving through one of these places to get to work (which I often do) and with out of state plates I'm probably watching extra hard for the local LE because I'm an easy target.

He finds my company's money.  Sure, I've got a receipt but anyone could have made that up on MS Word.  Now the money is gone.  

At least it won't have to be my lawyers, just my company's trying to get it back.
6/18/2008 6:16:27 PM EDT
[#39]

Quoted:

Quoted:
...

And if you talk to any drug dealer they will tell you marijuana isnt where money is made. Its to get people to buy hard drugs and that is where the money is at. That is why we see so much laced marijuana.


you're are so full of shit, you squish when you walk.

least that's the saying 'round here.


He's right. Pot isn't the profit center for most low-mid level drug dealers. It's usually like he said the harder drugs.
6/18/2008 6:18:18 PM EDT
[#40]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

The point of banning drugs isn't to 'make money'...

It's to keep as many people as possible from using drugs... And to punish the rest severely...



Then why has drug usage and profits not even been nicked with a multi decade war on drugs?


Because we don't take it seriously enough, and don't punish severely enough....



How much does locking up low level drug users cost the taxpayers of this country every year? You really have no clue.....then again you're still young.
6/18/2008 6:19:44 PM EDT
[#41]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:
...

And if you talk to any drug dealer they will tell you marijuana isnt where money is made. Its to get people to buy hard drugs and that is where the money is at. That is why we see so much laced marijuana.


you're are so full of shit, you squish when you walk.

least that's the saying 'round here.


He's right. Pot isn't the profit center for most low-mid level drug dealers. It's usually like he said the harder drugs.


Expert are you?

Anyway, I think O_H_C was referring to the highlighted part as bullshit.
6/18/2008 6:21:49 PM EDT
[#42]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:
...

And if you talk to any drug dealer they will tell you marijuana isnt where money is made. Its to get people to buy hard drugs and that is where the money is at. That is why we see so much laced marijuana.


you're are so full of shit, you squish when you walk.

least that's the saying 'round here.


He's right. Pot isn't the profit center for most low-mid level drug dealers. It's usually like he said the harder drugs.


they're 'low level' 'cause they be stoopid to begin wit. They even suck as criminals...
6/18/2008 6:28:22 PM EDT
[#43]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:
...

And if you talk to any drug dealer they will tell you marijuana isnt where money is made. Its to get people to buy hard drugs and that is where the money is at. That is why we see so much laced marijuana.


you're are so full of shit, you squish when you walk.

least that's the saying 'round here.


He's right. Pot isn't the profit center for most low-mid level drug dealers. It's usually like he said the harder drugs.


they're 'low level' 'cause they be stoopid to begin wit. They even suck as criminals...


Well, it all depends on what kind of area you're talking about.

I've known a lot of dealers, who made a shit load of money selling weed.

And, they did it in the middle-class, white, suburbs, where the chances of getting busted were nearly zero.

Not too "stoopid".

Let's face it... there's a lot of folks getting high in the burbs and, for the most part, the cops don't care. They're too busy rousting people off the corners in the ghetto.
6/18/2008 6:42:42 PM EDT
[#44]
Come and get my cash out of my cold dead fingers.  
6/18/2008 6:50:33 PM EDT
[#45]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:
...

And if you talk to any drug dealer they will tell you marijuana isnt where money is made. Its to get people to buy hard drugs and that is where the money is at. That is why we see so much laced marijuana.


you're are so full of shit, you squish when you walk.

least that's the saying 'round here.



Its by far the least costly drug. Someone addicted to a hardcore drug can spend a $100 a day on their habit easily. A pot head will spend a fraction of that.


ETA: And also look at the hardcore drug cartels south of the border. They dont specialize in weed. They're making BILLIONS of dollars every year in the hard stuff.

The domestic and Canadian grow operations are but a drop in the bucket to those guys.



full of shit AND factually incorrect - that means WRONG.

eta:

"MEXICO CITY — Marijuana is now the biggest source of income for Mexico's drug cartels and the U.S. is committed to cracking down harder on traffickers, U.S. drug czar John Walters said Thursday.

"We're trying to increase the force with which we're attacking this problem," Walters said in a telephone interview with The Associated Press. "This is a focus because of the overlooked importance marijuana has in the violence."

Walters made the comments following a meeting with Mexican officials who want the U.S. to prosecute marijuana cases more zealously to reduce the amount of cash gangs can spend on guns.

Mexican Attorney General Eduardo Medina Mora discussed the subject with Walters and U.S. federal prosecutors from the border region Thursday during a meeting in the Baja California resort of Los Cabos.

Walters said the U.S. government is seeking additional resources to prosecute traffickers of marijuana, which now earns cartels about $8.5 billion or about 61 percent of their annual estimated income of $13.8 billion. Cocaine sales earn the cartels about $3.9 billion, and methamphetamine about $1 billion, he said."

have a big cup.



And? Most of the hardcore drugs arent produced in Mexico.


ETA:


Colombian drug traffickers are responsible for most of the world’s cocaine base production, cocaine hydrochloride (HCl) production, and wholesale cocaine HCl distribution. While Colombia has long held the dubious honor of being the world’s largest producer of cocaine HCl, Colombia’s role as the world’s largest producer of cocaine base is relatively new. As a result of substantial increases in the size of Colombia’s domestic coca crop, Colombia is now the source of nearly 74 percent of the world’s cocaine base.

Source: DEA, "The Drug Trade in Colombia: A Threat Assessment," March 2002


ETA 2:


The number of hectares used to grow coca in Peru rose in 2002 as efforts to eradicate the crop in neighboring Colombia pushed production south. Peru remains the world's second largest producer, and now grows enough of the leaf to manufacture 150,000 kilograms of cocaine.
Source: BBC News, May 16, 2003



ETA3:


There are more than 250 varieties of the coca plant, but only three are widely used in the illegal cocaine drug trade:
* Huanuco coca, grown in Bolivia and Peru
* Amazonian coca, grown in the Amazon River basin
* Colombian coca, grown primarily in Colombia

Source: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), "Coca Fact Paper: A Primer"



ETA4:


The Medellín Cartel was an organized network of drug smugglers (drug cartel) originating in the city of Medellín in Colombia and operating through the 1970s and 1980s. It was founded and run by Juan David Ochoa, and his other brothers along with Pablo Escobar. At its height, it was bringing in as much as $60 million per month, and was estimated by some to be worth as much as $28 billion in total. Other noted figures involved in, or connected with the cartel include the Ochoa family José Gonzalo Rodríguez Gacha, Max Mermelstein, Barry Seal, Jon Roberts, Mickey Munday, and Carlos Lehder.


6/18/2008 7:05:27 PM EDT
[#46]

Quoted:
to be fair, most ATMs have an emergency backup battery for just those reasons. Now if the SHTF, having a small (1-2k) cash reserve ready to go could be handy

Just wanted to correct your post... Though some ATMs have a battery backup, it isn't to provide power so the terminal will function in a power outage. It is there to provide a soft shutdown on the terminal CPU so that the software isn't accidentally corrupted. It is also there to condition the incoming power so as to prevent power spikes from damaging the CPU.

Just didn't want people having the misconception that they can expect to get their money in the event the power is out and not planning accordingly.
6/18/2008 7:10:16 PM EDT
[#47]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

The point of banning drugs isn't to 'make money'...

It's to keep as many people as possible from using drugs... And to punish the rest severely...



Then why has drug usage and profits not even been nicked with a multi decade war on drugs?


Because we don't take it seriously enough, and don't punish severely enough....



I think that would be a difficult position to defend. Google Rockefeller drug laws.
6/18/2008 7:17:35 PM EDT
[#48]

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

Quoted:

The point of banning drugs isn't to 'make money'...

It's to keep as many people as possible from using drugs... And to punish the rest severely...



Then why has drug usage and profits not even been nicked with a multi decade war on drugs?


Because we don't take it seriously enough, and don't punish severely enough....



I think that would be a difficult position to defend. Google Rockefeller drug laws.



Severe means different things to different people.

DaveA probably wants to cut off drug users feet, or worse...
6/18/2008 7:22:05 PM EDT
[#49]

Quoted:
...


Colombian drug traffickers are responsible for most of the world’s cocaine base production, cocaine hydrochloride (HCl) production, and wholesale cocaine HCl distribution. While Colombia has long held the dubious honor of being the world’s largest producer of cocaine HCl, Colombia’s role as the world’s largest producer of cocaine base is relatively new. As a result of substantial increases in the size of Colombia’s domestic coca crop, Colombia is now the source of nearly 74 percent of the world’s cocaine base.

Source: DEA, "The Drug Trade in Colombia: A Threat Assessment," March 2002


ETA 2:


The number of hectares used to grow coca in Peru rose in 2002 as efforts to eradicate the crop in neighboring Colombia pushed production south. Peru remains the world's second largest producer, and now grows enough of the leaf to manufacture 150,000 kilograms of cocaine.
Source: BBC News, May 16, 2003



ETA3:


There are more than 250 varieties of the coca plant, but only three are widely used in the illegal cocaine drug trade:
* Huanuco coca, grown in Bolivia and Peru
* Amazonian coca, grown in the Amazon River basin
* Colombian coca, grown primarily in Colombia

Source: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), "Coca Fact Paper: A Primer"



ETA4:


The Medellín Cartel was an organized network of drug smugglers (drug cartel) originating in the city of Medellín in Colombia and operating through the 1970s and 1980s. It was founded and run by Juan David Ochoa, and his other brothers along with Pablo Escobar. At its height, it was bringing in as much as $60 million per month, and was estimated by some to be worth as much as $28 billion in total. Other noted figures involved in, or connected with the cartel include the Ochoa family José Gonzalo Rodríguez Gacha, Max Mermelstein, Barry Seal, Jon Roberts, Mickey Munday, and Carlos Lehder.




wrong again-
that doesn't say anything about the U.S., nor about income. (not counting shit friom the 70's/80's)
6/18/2008 7:28:04 PM EDT
[#50]

Quoted:

Quoted:
...


Colombian drug traffickers are responsible for most of the world’s cocaine base production, cocaine hydrochloride (HCl) production, and wholesale cocaine HCl distribution. While Colombia has long held the dubious honor of being the world’s largest producer of cocaine HCl, Colombia’s role as the world’s largest producer of cocaine base is relatively new. As a result of substantial increases in the size of Colombia’s domestic coca crop, Colombia is now the source of nearly 74 percent of the world’s cocaine base.

Source: DEA, "The Drug Trade in Colombia: A Threat Assessment," March 2002


ETA 2:


The number of hectares used to grow coca in Peru rose in 2002 as efforts to eradicate the crop in neighboring Colombia pushed production south. Peru remains the world's second largest producer, and now grows enough of the leaf to manufacture 150,000 kilograms of cocaine.
Source: BBC News, May 16, 2003



ETA3:


There are more than 250 varieties of the coca plant, but only three are widely used in the illegal cocaine drug trade:
* Huanuco coca, grown in Bolivia and Peru
* Amazonian coca, grown in the Amazon River basin
* Colombian coca, grown primarily in Colombia

Source: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), "Coca Fact Paper: A Primer"



ETA4:


The Medellín Cartel was an organized network of drug smugglers (drug cartel) originating in the city of Medellín in Colombia and operating through the 1970s and 1980s. It was founded and run by Juan David Ochoa, and his other brothers along with Pablo Escobar. At its height, it was bringing in as much as $60 million per month, and was estimated by some to be worth as much as $28 billion in total. Other noted figures involved in, or connected with the cartel include the Ochoa family José Gonzalo Rodríguez Gacha, Max Mermelstein, Barry Seal, Jon Roberts, Mickey Munday, and Carlos Lehder.




wrong again-
that doesn't say anything about the U.S., nor about income. (not counting shit friom the 70's/80's)


You're welcome to think and/or believe anything you wish.....

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